This is necessarily nonzero because the turbulent velocity profile defined by the law of the wall does not apply to the laminar sublayer.
2.
In turbulence, the normal fluid behaves as a classical fluid, and has a classically turbulent velocity field when a superfluid experiences turbulence.
3.
In turbulence, he developed universal probability density function for turbulent velocity fluctuations, Reynolds stress and conditional Reynolds shear stresses in wall-shear flows.
4.
Simply, " raw " ADV velocity data are not " true " turbulent velocities and they should never be used without adequate post-processing ( e . g ., ).
5.
Although acoustic Doppler velocimetry ( ADV ) has become a popular technique in laboratory in field applications, several researchers pointed out accurately that the ADV signal outputs include the combined effects of turbulent velocity fluctuations, Doppler noise, signal aliasing, turbulent shear and other disturbances.
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